Acquired Aplastic Anemia is a rare and serious blood disorder, due to failure of bone marrow and failure of the produce blood cells. Bone marrow is the spongy substance, found in the center of the bones of the body mainly pelvis, the spine and the large bone of the leg in case of adult. It is characterized by a profound deficit in hematopoietic stem & progenitor cell, hypocellularity and peripheral blood pancytopenia. It primary affect the children, young adult and age over 60 years of adult. The cause of this disease is still unknown. But some cases found out that the viral infection that affect the bone marrow and that leads to aplastic anemia. 
According to The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease in USA, 2 out of 1 million people in US are diagnosed with aplastic anemia in each year. 

Signs & Symptoms: 

* Fatigue and tiredness
* Unexplained infection
* Nose bleeding, Gum bleeding or any bleeding that last too long.
* Unusually pale skin.
* Weakness
* Shortness of breath when exercising or being active. 

* Investigation: A diagnosis of acquired aplastic anemia 
Investigation: A diagnosis of acquired aplastic anemia may be suspected when an otherwise healthy individual has low level of all three blood cell type (Pancytopenia)
After that, we need to examine bone marrow biopsy. In aplastic anemia, bone marrow contains fewer blood cells that normal. After that, we can confirm, is he/she affected acquired aplastic anemia or not?

Treatment: 
Treatment of acquired aplastic anemia varies, depending upon the individual's age, general health & the severity of aplastic anemia. Treatment aims to correct the bone marrow failure as well as to treat the patient's immediate sign and symptoms. 

Bone marrow transplantation is one of the permanent treatment. In this transplant, we need to find the donor who is younger and matching blood group. This process needs more time to transplant and recover.

Those who can't go through this transplantation, we can alter or suppress the immune system by some drugs. Those drugs are: 
Drug such as cyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune) & anti thymocyte globulin suppress the activity of immune cells that are damaging your bone marrow. This helps your bone marrow recover and generate new blood cells. Cyclosporine and anti thymocyte used together for generating new blood cells. 

Corticosteroid such as methylprednisolone (Medrol, SoluMedrol) are often used with these drug. 

For pregnant women, this disease can be treated with blood transfusion. 

Content Writer: S. M. M. MUSABBIR UDDIN
Poster Designer: Summiya Islam Sinthia